Find Defect

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="3" width=200 BGCOLOR="#333366" TEXT="#080000" background="03cc8c00dkcfsz.png"> <div> <A HREF="http://www.mosaicinc.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.mosaicinc.com"><U><B><IMG SRC="17454400.png" border=0 width="84" height="64" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="modelmain.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Defect Management Process"><U><B>Defect Management Process</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="dprevention.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Defect Prevention"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Defect Prevention</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="delbaselining.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Deliverable Baseline"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Deliverable Baseline</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="defdiscovery.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Defect Discovery"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Defect Discovery</B></U></A></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c833ccff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Find Defect</B></div> <div> <A HREF="reportdefect.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Report Defect"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Report Defect</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="ackdefect.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Acknowledge Defect"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c002d00c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Acknowledge Defect</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="defresolution.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Defect Resolution"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Defect Resolution</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="procimprove.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Process Improvement"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Process Improvement</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="mreporting.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Management Reporting"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Management Reporting</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="implement_process.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Implementing the Process"><U><B>Implementing the Process</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="critmetrics.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Define Critical Metrics"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Define Critical Metrics</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="ident_critical_rsks.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Identify Critical Risks"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Identify Critical Risks</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="iprocessimprvnts.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Identify Process Improvements"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Identify Process Improvements</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="developplan.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Develop Defect Management Plan"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Develop Plan</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="pilotproject.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Pilot the Defect Management Process"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c8ffffff00.png" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pilot the Defect Management Process</B></U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="glossary.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Glossary"><U><B>Glossary</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="references.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="References"><U><B>References</B></U></A></div> </td> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=60 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B>Find Defect</B></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=388 colspan=2 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B>Defect Discovery Process</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="14bed410.png" border=0 width="493" height="65" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> Defects are found either by preplanned activities specifically intended to uncover defects (e.g., quality control activities such as inspections, testing, etc.) or by accident (e.g., users in production).</div> <bR> <div> Techniques to find defects can be divided into three categories:</div> <bR> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Static techniques</B></I>:  Testing that is done without physically executing a program or system. A code review is an example of a static testing technique.</div> <bR> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Dynamic techniques</B></I>:  Testing in which system components are physically executed to identify defects.  Execution of test cases is an example of a dynamic testing technique.</div> <bR> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Operational techniques</B></I>:  An operational system produces a deliverable containing a defect found by users, customers, or control personnel -- i.e., the defect is found as a result of a failure.</div> <bR> <div> While it is beyond the scope of this study to compare and contrast the various static, dynamic, and operational techniques, the research did arrive at the following conclusions:</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Both static and dynamic techniques are required for an effective defect management program.  In each category, the more formally the techniques were integrated into the development process, the more effective they were.</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Since static techniques will generally find defects earlier in the process, they are more efficient at finding defects.</div> <bR> <div> When Shell Oil followed the inspection process, they recorded the following results:</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">For each staff-hour spent in the inspection process, ten hours were saved!</div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">More informal (and less effective) reviews saved as much time as they cost.  In other words, worst case (informal reviews) -- no extra cost, best case (formal inspections) -- a 10-1 savings.  </div> <bR> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Their defect removal efficiency with inspections was 95-97% versus roughly 60% for systems that did not use inspections.</div> <bR> <div> Shell Oil also emphasized the more intangible, yet very significant, benefits of inspections. They found that if the standards for producing a deliverable were vague or ambiguous (or nonexistent), the group would attempt to define a best practice and develop a standard for the deliverable.  Once the standard became well defined, checklists would be developed.  (NASA also makes extensive use of checklists and cross references defects to the checklist item that should have caught the defect).  Inspections were a good way to train new staff in both best practices and the functioning of the system being inspected.</div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=32 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" WIDTH="17"><A HREF="reportdefect.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Report Defect"><U><B><IMG SRC="0e511110.png" border=0 width="17" height="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A><B>    </B><A HREF="http://www.mosaicinc.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.mosaicinc.com"><U><B>Mosaic Home</B></U></A><B>    </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Defect Management"><U><B>Defect Management Home</B></U></A><B>    </B><A HREF="defdiscovery.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Defect Discovery"><U><B><IMG SRC="0e411110.png" border=0 width="17" height="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" WIDTH="17"></div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>